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‘Kol’ evokes association with ‘kolu,’ a respected local lu?i (see LU?I) group in Shiraz that adhered to the virtues of JAV?NMARDI (Ma?jub, pp. 121-23) an ethical system dominated by bravery, and moral and spiritual nobility. The word in combination with ‘?,’ short for ?q? (see AQA), and ‘D?š,’ a word of Turkish origin meaning brother, offers an apt title for a story that tells the tale of a gallant and respected lu?i who lived in Shiraz in early 20th century.
    -ENTRY: D?Š ?KOL (Encyclopaedia Iranica)
Sadegh Hedayat managed to be both one of the first modern authors of Iran, because he studied Western works, and a traditionalist, because he was fascinated by Iranian folklore. His great novel, The Blind Owl, has a dark reputation as being capable of driving a reader to suicide (Hedayat took his own life). But Dash Akol, which you often see compared to Robin Hood, tells a more earthy tale. I’d compare it to Cyrano de Bergerac instead.

Dash Akol was a thirty-five-year-old man, robust but rather ugly. Seeing him for the first time, most people would be repulsed. But once they sat and listened to his stories, or heard about his exploits from others, they would find themselves attracted to him. Those who were able to ignore the scars on his face found him a noble and attractive man with coal-dark eyes, black, bushy eyebrows, prominent cheekbones, a slender nose and an ebony beard and moustache. What had disfigured his face were the many wounds inflicted upon it. On his cheeks and forehead were the traces of saber cuts--cuts that had healed quite unattractively, exposing shiny pink flesh. The worst of these had produced a tuck under his left eye, disfiguring the left side of his face.

His father had been one of the notable landowners of the Fars province. When he died, his legacy had gone to his only son. But Dash Akol, carefree and a spender, felt no allegiance to money (or to other worldly things). He devoted his life to heroic deeds, restoration of people's lost freedoms and philanthropy. He was a simple man, attached to none other than these goals.

The money that he took in found its way either to those who were in greater need or to his diversions. These were to sit drinking strong brands of araq proclaim his presence at the intersections or haunt local gatherings accompanied by his retinue of followers. So much for his faults and his merits. The unbelievable thing, however, was that he had never had a great love in his life. Several times his friends had tried to set him up and, each time, he had shied away. But from the day he first became the executor of Haji Samad's estate and set eyes on Marjan, his life had taken a new turn.
[Spoilers ahead] Dash Akol excels at running this estate and devotes his life to the task. Readers may feel uncomfortable at his passion for Marjan, who is just a teen when he first glimpses her. But he never approaches her, convinced of his own ugliness and inadequacy, and within a few paragraphs she is a grown woman. But it is then that she is betrothed to a man just as ugly and old as Dash Akol and his position with the family becomes intolerable.
The thing that was the clearest to him was that he was afraid of his own home; his present situation was unbearable--he had lost all interest in it. He wanted to go away, far away. The thought of drinking all night and pouring his heart out to his parrot crossed his mind. All of his life seemed useless--shallow and without meaning. A poem came to mind--in a fit of impatience, he murmured:

I envy the getting together of prison inmates, The sweetmeats of their gatherings are the links of their chains.

He remembered another poem which he recited even more loudly:

I have gone mad, people, Bring a remedy.
Bring a madman's only remedy, Bring a chain!

He recited the poem with grief, disappointment and bitterness; then, as though losing patience, or because his mind was elsewhere, he fell silent. It was dark outside when Dash Akol reached his usual corner, Sar-e Dozak. Here was the same square he had spent most of his time defending during his youth. No one had dared to come forward to challenge him. Without thinking, he walked over to the front stoop of a home, sat down and pulled out his pipe. He felt that the place had deteriorated; people, like himself who had become old and broken, had changed. His eyes swam in front of him and his head throbbed. Suddenly, a shadow approached him. Then he heard a voice, "C..cowards sneak ou..out at n.. night!"

Dash Akol recognized Kaka Rostam. He stood up and moved his hand to his waist. He spat and said, "Son of a coward! You consider yourself a Luti? Let me tell you, you are about to meet your match now!"
Rostam is an old enemy who he had quarreled with before becoming the executor and he embraces this opportunity to fight, perhaps welcoming the prospect of losing and being put out of his misery?

Sure enough, Dash Akol is killed in the brawl that follows, leaving behind him only the parrot he had adopted:
Valikhan took the parrot's cage to his home. That afternoon Marjan put the cage in front of her and stared at the bird's multi-colored wings, hooked beak and round tired eyes. Suddenly the parrot, in a voice that echoed Dash Akol's, said, "Marjan... Marjan... you've killed me. Whom can I tell? Marjan, your love has killed me." Tears ran down Marjan's cheeks.
The parallel to Roxanne and Cyrano seems obvious enough. But the story can more than stand on its own and should be better known in the West.


(Reviewed:)

Grade: (A+)


Websites:

Sadegh Hedayat Links:

    -WIKIPEDIA: Sadegh Hedayat
    -FILMOGRAPHY: Sadegh Hedayat (IMDB)
    -ENTRY: HEDAYAT, SADEQ (Encyclopaedia Iranica)
    -ENTRY: Sadeq Hedayat: The foremost short story writer of Iran (Persian Language & Literature, February 03, 2025, Iran Chamber Society)
    -WIKIPEDIA: THe Blind Owl
    -ENTRY: Sadeq Hedayat Iranian author (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
    -ENTRY: Sadegh Hedayat facts for kids (Kiddle: Kids Encyclopedia)
    -ENTRY: Hedayat, Sadeq (Encyclopedia.com)
    -TRIBUTE SITE: Sadeq Hedayat's Corner: Contribution of Bashiri Working Papers to an understanding of the works of Sadeq Hedayat, especially his Blind Owl
    -TRIBUTE PAGE: Hedayat Web Page: a tribute to Sadeq Hedayat
    -ENTRY: D?Š ?KOL (Encyclopaedia Iranica)
    -ENTRY: Sadegh Hedayat (Good Reads)
    -AUTHOR PAGE: Hedayat, Sadegh (Dena Books)
    -ENTRY: Sadeq Hedayat (1903-1951) (Books & Writers)
    -ENTRY: Sadegh Hedayat (Biography, Books, Quotes) (Irandoostan, December 30, 2024)
    -ENTRY: SFF Author: Sadegh Hedayat (Fantasy Literature)
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-VIDEO ARCHIVES: Sadegh Hedayat (YouTube)
    -INDEX: "Sadegh Hedayat" (Internet Archive)
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-ETEXT: The Blind Owl (Sadeq Hedayat, Translated by Iraj Bashiri)
    -ETEXT: Haji Murad (Sadeq Hedayat, translated by Iraj Bashiri)
    -ETEXT: Dash Akol (Sadeq Hedayat, translated by Kimberley A. Brown)
    -ETEXT: Tomorrow (Sadeq Hedayat, March/April 1964, New Left Review)
    -AUDIO EXCERPT: The Blind Owl (Google Play Books)
    -ETEXT: Dash Akol (Ali Salami)
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-ESSAY: Shocking the Bourgeoisie With Iran’s Misunderstood Modernist (Amir-Hussein Radjy, Apr. 12th, 2022, NY Times)
    -ESSAY: Symbolism of women in Hedayat's "Blind Owl" (Massoume Price, 2001, Persian Language & Literature: Iran Chamber Society)
    -ESSAY: A Man Out Of Place (Niloufar Dohni, 13 Apr 2013, Al Majalla)
    -ESSAY: Hedayat’s rebellious child: multicultural rewriting of The Blind Owl in Porochista Khakpour’s Sons and Other Flammable Objects (Cyrus Amiri & Mahdiyeh Govah, 22 Sep 2021, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies)
    -ARTICLE: Bestsellers banned in new Iranian censorship purge (Robert Tait, 17 Nov 2006, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: Sadeq Hedayat's Heritage (Jadid Online, 7/17/08)
    -ESSAY: 33 Essential Works of Fiction by Iranian Writers: Toward Writing and Publishing Beyond Stereotypes (Niloufar Talebi, September 25, 2020, LitHub)
    -ESSAY: Reinterpreting a Classic Iranian Novel: CAS alumnus and master lecturer Sassan Tabatabai has translated Blind Owl, an Iranian novella first published in 1936. (Marc Chalufour, May 24, 2022, Boston University)
    -VIDEO: Sassan Tabatabai discusses his translation of Blind Owl by Sadeq Hedayat with Sunil Sharma (Brookline Booksmith, Apr 27, 2023)
    -ESSAY: Living Like a Dervish: Sadegh Hedayat (Shen Yiming, 19 December 2019, 1920 to Early Twenty-First Century Liberalism)
    -ESSAY: The Life of Sadeq Hedayat (Iraj BashiriIraj Bashiri, 2019, Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran)
    -ESSAY: Hedayat, Sadegh (The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary, 30 October 2022
    -ESSAY: Hedayat’s State Of Mind (Farid Parsa, The Iranian)
    -VIDEO: Intertextuality or Plagiarism? Sadeq Hedayat’s The Blind Owl from a Cognitive Poetics Lens (UBC's Asian Studies Department presents the Alireza Ahmadian Lectures in Iranian and Persianate Studies, 4/13/2021)
    -ESSAY: A "Nilufar" by any other Name: The Implications of Reading Sadegh Hedayat in Translation (Anastassiya Andrianova, Summer 2013,Translation and Literature )
    -ESSAY: Sadegh Hedayat (Iran Territory, 25/09/2015)
    -ESSAY: Sadegh Hedayat from the "Descriptive Psychiatry" View-Point (Farbod Fadai, IJ Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences)
    -ESSAY: The Burden Of Being: A Reflection On Sadeq Hedayat's The Blind Owl: "To read Hedayat is to engage in a confrontation with the eternal struggles of mankind—our profound loneliness, our despair, and the ceaseless search for meaning in a universe that offers both everything and nothing in equal measure" (Sumreen Fatima, January 5, 2025, The Friday Times)
    -VIDEO: Revisiting Sadeq Hedayat’s ‘Blind Owl’: Writings on a Modern Persian Novel (IIC Programmes, Apr 27, 2023)
    -ESSAY: Kafka of Eastern Literature: Who is Sadegh Hedayat?: Sadegh Hedayat is one of the important names of 20th-century literature with his works. Best known for his novel The Blind Owl, he was one of the earliest Iranian writers to adopt literary modernism in their career. (Jane Dickens, 29 May?s 2023, Know Who Is)
    -ESSAY: When Parrots of Tehran Confess (Sepideh Karami, Elahe Karimnia, Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture)
    -ESSAY: Analysis of the prosthetic narrative system in the story of D?sh-Akol (Ebrahim Kanani & Freshteh Sadeghi , Journal of Narrative Studies)
    -ESSAY: Dash Akol and the central characters in Hemingway's stories (Mazaher Mosaffa, Shadman Shokravi, Leyla Fatemi, January 2019, Comparative Literature)
    -ESSAY: From Realistic to Modernistic Characterization An Analysis on “Dash Akol” (Taghi Pournamdarian & Mohammad Mehdi Ebrahimi Fakhari, Tarbiat Modares University Press-Literary Research)
    -ESSAY: An Interdisciplinary Study of Narrative Structure in Dash Akol as a Short Story and Dash Akol as a Movie (Azam Dashti & Yaser Hadidi)
    -ESSAY: Iranian Music, Silence, and the Representation of the Traditional Masculine Figure of the Pahlavan: A Case Study of "Dash Akol" (1971) (Kamyar SALAVATI, October 2023)
    -ESSAY: A Feminist Reading of Marjan and Dash Akol (Shakiba Ghiasi, Civilica)
    -ESSAY: Absurdity and Creation in the Work of Sadeq Hedayat (Deirdre Lashgari, 1982, Iranian Studies)
    -AUDIO ESSAY: When Parrots of Tehran Confess: A sonic relationship in three acts (Elahe Karimnia & Sepideh Karami, 26 January 2022, Theatrum Mundi)
    -ESSAY: Existential Semiotic Analysis of the Discourse; Case study, Sadegh Hedayat's Dash Akol (Hamid Reza Shairi , Somayeh Kariminezhad, Language and Translation Studies)
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-REVIEW: of The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat (Porochista Khakpour, The Rumpus)
    -REVIEW: of The Blind Owl (Rough Hosts)
    -PODCAST: The Blind Owl (Chelsey & Sara, Novel Pairings)
    -PODCAST: 64b. Sassan Tabatabai on Blind Owl (The Spouter-Inn)
    -REVIEW: of Blind Owl (The Lawrentian)
    -REVIEW: of Blind Owl (Jonas David)
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FILM:
   
-FILMOGRAPHY: Sadegh Hedayat (IMDB)
    -FILMOGRAPHY: Dash Akol (1971) (IMDB)
    -VIDEO: Dash Akol (Iran, 1971) dir. Masoud Kimiai (VK Video)
    -LETTERBOXD: Dash Akol (1971)
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-WIKIPEDIA: Dash Akol
    -FILMOGRAPHY: Dash Akol (2018) (IMDB)
    -FILMOGRAPHY: Dash Akol (2018) (Rotten Tomatoes)
    -VIDEO: Dash Akol (2018) (Tubi)
    -LETTERBOXD: Dash Akol (2017)
   
-FILM REVIEW: Dash Akol (1971) (The Film Sufi)
    -FILM REVIEW: The Blind Owl (The Film Sufi)
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