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Yale professor Timothy Snyder is the subject of much controversy for the very best reason: in his work on Eastern Europe he has drawn the necessary moral equivalence between Hitler and Stalin. This has infuriated Leftists for the obvious reasons–it is an indictment of the USSR–and professional historians of the Nazi era and some Jewish authors for less obvious–they have an emotional investment in the Holocaust being sui generis. This leads to many reviews of and comments on his work being the work of unreliable narrators. To be fair, it also leads me to almost reflexively view him favorably.

This 2017 pamphlet is less a historical work than a jeremiad by someone who is familiar with the two most malicious isms of our time and rightly worries that our current Identitarianism resembles them. He has recently published a short version of the lessons on his own substack and here is a list of just the headers for the 20:
1. Do not obey in advance.

2. Defend institutions.

3. Beware the one-party state.

4. Take responsibility for the face of the world.

5. Remember professional ethics.

6. Be wary of paramilitaries.

7. Be reflective if you must be armed.

8. Stand out. Someone has to.

9. Be kind to our language.

10. Believe in truth.

11. Investigate.

12. Make eye contact and small talk.

13. Practice corporeal politics.

14. Establish a private life.

15. Contribute to good causes.

16. Learn from peers in other countries.

17. Listen for dangerous words.

18. Be calm when the unthinkable arrives.

19. Be a patriot.

20. Be as courageous as you can.
Admittedly, some of them are fairly platitudinous, but as he treats them he develops some genuine insights. The one to focus on–at least at this moment–is the idea of “anticipatory obedience”:
Much of the power of authoritarianism is freely given. In times like these, individuals think ahead about what a more repressive government will want and then offer themselves without being asked. A citizen who adapts in this way is teaching power what it can do.

Anticipatory obedience is a political tragedy. Perhaps rulers did not initially know that citizens were willing to compromise this value or that principle. Perhaps a new regime did not at first have the direct means of influencing citizens one way or another. After the German elections of 1932, which brought Nazis into government, or the Czechoslovak elections of 1946, where communists were victorious, the next crucial step was anticipatory obedience. Because enough people in both cases voluntarily extended their services to the new leaders, Nazis and communists alike realized that they could move quickly toward a full regime change. The first heedless acts of conformity could not then be reversed.
We see this on full display in the case of formerly conservative politicians, publications, think tanks, churches, etc. which have willingly abandoned their beliefs in order to accommodate Donald Trump. Moreso, it is visible in the way that Donald has in turn tailored his extremism to follow their lead. Much of the reporting on the early days of his 2016 campaign revealed his surprise at how extreme he could make his rhetoric without facing any significant push back as large portions of the traditional right shifted Right, anticipating his demands.

We are in the first month of his second term and you see the sickening sight of once sensible Republican figures excusing his pardon of the January 6th insurrectionists, removing security details from people he has said should be killed, illegally firing Inspector Generals, trying to end birthright citizenship by fiat, etc., etc., etc. They are, as he warns, freely giving power to authoritarianism, or at least trying to. Bad enough that it is disgraceful, even worse, it’s destructive of American norms and institutions.


(Reviewed:)

Grade: (B+)


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Timothy Snyder Links:

    -WIKIPEDIA: Timothy Snyder
    -AUTHOR SITE: Timothy Snyder.org
    -SUBSTACK: Thinking about…
    -WIKIPEDIA: On Tyranny
    -FACULTY PAGE: Timothy Snyder (Yale Deprtment of History)
    -FREE ONLINE COURSE: The Making of Modern Ukraine (Timothy Snyder, Yale University)
    -BOOK PAGE: On Tyranny (Penguin Random House)
    -VIDEO CHANNEL: Timothy Snyder (You Tube)
    -WIKIPEDIA: Bloodlands
    -WIKIPEDIA: The Road to Unfreedom
    -WIKIPEDIA: Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning
    -FILMOGRAPHY: Timothy Snyder (IMDB)
    -INDEX: “timothy snyder” (Yale News)
    -INDEX: Snyder, Timothy (Internet Archive)
    -INDEX: Timothy Snyder (New Statesman)
    -INDEX: “timothy snyder” (LA Review of Books)
    -INDEX: “timothy snyder” (NPR)
    -VIDEO ARCHIVES: “timothy snyder” (YouTube)
    -INDEX: Timothy Snyder (LitHub)
    -INDEX: Timothy Snyder (NY Times)
    -INDEX: Timothy Snyder (NY Review of Books)
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-AUDIO BOOK: On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century (Shared Audio Books)
    -AUDIO BOOK: The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America (Shared Audio Books)
    -ESSAY: Twenty Lessons for Fighting Tyranny: Historian and Andrew Carnegie Fellow Timothy Snyder suggests ways to defend democracy with individual actions (Timothy Snyder December 23, 2022, Carnegie)
    -EXCERPT: (1) Do Not Obey in Advance (Timothy Snyder, On Tyranny)
    -EXCERPT: from On Tyranny: : Resist Authoritarianism by Refusing to Obey in Advance: From Nazism in Austria to the Milgram Experiment (Timothy Snyder, April 28, 2017, LitHub)
    -ESSAY: Twenty Lessons On Tyranny From the Twentieth Century (Timothy Snyder, Jan 20, 2025, Thinking About…)
    -VIDEO LECTURES: On Tyranny Lectures (Timothy Snyder)
    -ESSAY: Our Own Reichstag Fire Moment: The Yale historian and author of Bloodlands and On Tyranny reflects on how this crisis of democracy measures up with the past. (Timothy Snyder, September 3, 2020, NY Review of Books)
    -ESSAY: Putin’s Philosopher of Russian Fascism : Ivan Ilyin provided a metaphysical and moral justification for political totalitarianism, which he expressed in practical outlines for a fascist state. Today, his ideas have been revived and celebrated by Vladimir Putin. (Timothy Snyder, March 16, 2018, NY Review of Books)
    -ESSAY: The Reichstag Warning: The Reichstag fire shows how quickly a modern republic can be transformed into an authoritarian regime. (Timothy Snyder, February 26, 2017, NY Review of Books)
    -ESSAY: Trump’s Putin Fantasy: Few foreign leaders seem enthusiastic about the prospect of a Donald Trump presidency. But there is one who should be pleased: Vladimir Putin. Or so Trump seems to think. (Timothy Snyder, April 19, 2016, NY Review of Books)
    -ESSAY: Freedom Is Not What We Think It Is (Timothy Snyder, Sep. 21st, 2024, NY Times)
    -EXCERPT: from On Freedom: Timothy Snyder on How the Collapse of the Soviet Union Took America By Surprise: What Freedom Means in Moments of Economic and Political Transformation (Timothy Snyder, September 17, 2024, LitHub)
    -ESSAY: The Reich's forgotten atrocity : The Nazi plan to starve 30 million people in the east went unrealised. But more than 3 million Soviet POWs were murdered (Timothy Snyder, 21 Oct 2010, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: Echoes from the killing fields of the east: The second world war is often seen through western allies' eyes. But the real geopolitics – and worst atrocities – scarred the east (Timothy Snyder, 28 Sep 2010, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: Hitler’s world may not be so far away: Misunderstanding the Holocaust has made us too certain we are ethically superior to the Europeans of the 1940s. Faced with a new catastrophe – such as devastating climate change – could we become mass killers again? (Timothy Snyder, 16 Sep 2015, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: The American Abyss (Timothy Snyder, Jan. 9th, 2021, NY Times Magazine)
    -ESSAY: What Does It Mean That Donald Trump Is a Fascist?: Trump takes the tools of dictators and adapts them for the Internet. We should expect him to try to cling to power until death, and create a cult of January 6th martyrs. (Timothy Snyder, 11/08/24, The New Yorker)
    -ESSAY: Russia is Winning the Information War: The Invasion of Ukraine was a Practice Run for the 2016 American Election (Timothy Snyder, April 3, 2018, LitHub)
    -INTRODUCTION: to Pursuing the Truth: An Introduction to Józef Czapski's “Inhuman Land: Searching for the Truth in Soviet Russia, 1941–1942”: LARB presents Timothy Snyder’s introduction to Józef Czapski's “Inhuman Land,” translated by Antonia Lloyd-Jones and published by NYRB Classics today. (Timothy Snyder, December 18, 2018, LA Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of THE STORY PARADOX: How Our Love of Storytelling Builds Societies and Tears Them Down By Jonathan Gottschall (Timothy Snyder, NY Times Book Review)
    -VIDEO LECTURES: Bloodlands Lectures (Timothy Snyder, YouTube)
    -ESSAY: The fatal fact of the Nazi-Soviet pact: I coincide with Zuroff and Katz on the centrality of the Holocaust, but we must not overlook how Stalin enabled Hitler's crimes (Timothy Snyder, 5 Oct 2010, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Killed More? (Timothy Snyder, March 10, 2011, NY Review of Books)
    -REVIEW : Nazis, Soviets, Poles, Jews: a review of The Third Reich at War by Richard J. Evans (Timothy Snyder, December 3, 2009, NY Review of Books)
   
-ESSAY: America and the politics of pain: Gravely ill in hospital with sepsis, our writer had a revelation on how Donald Trump transformed the US’s inequalities into a suicidal tribalism. (Timothy Snyder, 10/28/20, New Statesman)
    -VIDEO LECTURES: The Road to Unfreedom Lectures (Timothy Snyder, YouTube)
    -ESSAY: The road to unfreedom: If we do not wake up, the free world may be gone very soon, says Timothy Snyder. (Timothy Snyder, 5/07/19, Tipping Point)
    -LECTURE: Timothy Snyder: Judenplatz 1010: A Speech to Europe 2019 (Timothy Snyder, 5/14/19, Tipping Point)
    -ESSAY: Echoes from the killing fields of the east: The second world war is often seen through western allies' eyes. But the real geopolitics – and worst atrocities – scarred the east (Timothy Snyder, 28 Sep 2010, The Guardian)
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-INTERVIEW: Five Questions with Professor Timothy Snyder, Author of On Tyranny (Joyce Vance, Jan 24, 2025, Civil Discourse)
    -VIDEO INTERVIEW: “American Abyss”: Fascism Historian Tim Snyder on Trump’s Coup Attempt, Impeachment & What’s Next (Democracy Now!, Jan 13, 2021)
    -PROFILE: Putin, Trump, Ukraine: how Timothy Snyder became the leading interpreter of our dark times: Historians aren’t supposed to make predictions, but Yale professor Timothy Snyder has become known for his dire warnings – and many of them have been proved correct (Robert P. Baird, 25 March 2023, The Guardian)
    -PROFILE: One Yale historian, two NYT bestsellers: Timothy Snyder’s books “On Tyranny” and “The Road to Unfreedom,” which examine the rise of authoritarianism, are each on the New York Times bestseller list. (Susan Gonzalez, 10/21/19, Yale News)
    -INTERVIEW: Historian Timothy Snyder on Russia, Trump, and Terrorism: "We have a president who regards the Russian system as a positive model" (Christopher Lydon, April 5, 2017, LitHub)
    -PODCAST: Timothy Snyder: We Cannot Have Freedom Without Healthcare: Timothy Snyder and Michael Abramowitz in Conversation with Andrew Keen on Keen On ( Keen On, October 7, 2020)
    -AUDIO INTERVIEW: 'On Tyranny' Explores New Threats Facing American Political System (Robert Siegel, March 6, 2017, NPR: All Things Considered)
    -VIDEO INTERVIEW: A Republic, If You Can Keep It: Masha Gessen Talks Autocracy with Timothy Snyder (Center for Brooklyn History, Jul 12, 2017)
    -PODCAST: Timothy Snyder on Resisting Authoritarianism (Voices for Democracy)
    -VIDEO INTERVIEW: ON TYRANNY: Lessons From the 20th Century with Author Timothy Snyder (WoodrowWilsonCenter, Mar 20, 2017)
    -INTERVIEW: Beware creeping U.S. authoritarianism, Yale's Timothy Snyder warns (Susan Ormiston, Jan 07, 2018, The National on CBC)
    -INTERVIEW: The Bleak Prophecy of Timothy Snyder: The Yale historian warns about the risk of totalitarianism under Trump. That’s great for selling books — but scholars are alarmed. (Jacob Mikanowski, April 12, 2019, The Chronicle Review)
    -VIDEO INTERVIEW: Historian Timothy Snyder on VP Harris’ “Freedom” Campaign: In his new book, historian Timothy Snyder explores what freedom is, how it has been misunderstood, and why it’s our only chance for survival. The author joins the show. (Amanpour & Co., 09/23/24)
    -INTERVIEW: Timothy Snyder Explains How Americans Might Adapt to Fascism Under Trump (Jon Skolnik, Sep. 17th, 2024, Vanity Fair)
    -PODCAST: On Freedom, Tyranny, and Resilience: Historian Timothy Snyder (The State of Belief Podcast, December 16, 2024)
    -VIDEO INTERVIEW: Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin: Timothy Snyder, history professor at Yale University, presents a history of the mass killings led by Hitler and Stalin. Mr. Snyder examines the region between Berlin and Moscow that he dubs, "The Bloodlands. (C-SPAN, November 21, 2010, Book TV)
    -AUDIO INTERVIEW: Going Down Timothy Snyder's 'Road To Unfreedom' (Robert Siegel, June 07, 2018, NPR: On Point)
    -PROFILE: Timothy Snyder’s ‘Black Earth’ Puts Holocaust, and Himself, in Spotlight (Jennifer Schuessler, Sep. 7th, 2015, NY Times Book Review)
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-ESSAY: On anticipatory obedience and the media: Trump’s campaign against the Fourth Estate has been unfolding before our eyes—far more effectively than some in the press would like to believe. (Ian Bassin and Maximillian Potter, 10/08/24, Columbia Journalism Review)
    -ESSAY: Understanding the Milgram Experiment in Psychology: A closer look at Milgram's controversial studies of obedience (Kendra Cherry, MS, August 13, 2024, VeryWell)
    -ESSAY: How Timothy Snyder’s ON TYRANNY Became a Must-Read Book (Penguin Random House, 3/10/17)
    -ESSAY: Why Arendt Matters: Revisiting “The Origins of Totalitarianism”: Roger Berkowitz reviews Hannah Arendt’s landmark “The Origins of Totalitarianism,” framing the book within the context of contemporary politics. (Roger Berkowitz, March 18, 2017, LA Review of Books)
    -ESSAY: A dangerous Nazi-Soviet equivalence: Timothy Snyder's emphasis on the Hitler-Stalin pact as the genesis of war blurs the moral responsibility that was Germany's (Efraim Zuroff, 29 Sep 2010, The Guardian)
    -ESSAY: Dossier / A Decent and True Understanding of the Past: Timothy Snyder and his Critics (Jacques Sémelin , 14 February 2013, Books & Ideas)
    -ESSAY: When historians fall out: Richard J Evans squares up to Timothy Snyder. (Lucian Robinson, 11/30/2010, New Statesman)
    -VIDEO LECTURES: Black Earth Lectures (Timothy Snyder, YouTube)
    -INTERVIEW: Black Earth: Historian and author Timothy Snyder discusses climate change, genocide, and the ideology of Hitler. (Brian Palmer, November 11, 2015, NRDC)
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-STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (Lit Charts)
    -STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (New Book Recommendations)
    -STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (Super Summary)
    -STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (Dave Forrest)
    -STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (BookRags)
    -STUDY GUIDE: On Tyranny (eNotes)
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-REVIEW INDEX: Timothy Snyder (Publishers Weekly)
    -REVIEW INDEX: Timothy Snyder (Kirkus)
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-REVIEW INDEX: for On Tyranny (BookMarks)
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-REVIEW: of On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century by Timothy Snyder (Richard J. Evans, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Tim Adams, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Susan Grigsby, Daily Kos)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Daniel Drezner, NY Times Book Review)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Carlos Lozada, Washington Post)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Times uk)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Kirkus)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Mickey Friedman, Berkshire Edge))
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Darryl Holter, LA Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Ben Schneider, Chatterbox))
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Katherine P. Stillerman)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Jingnan Peng, CS Monitor)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Ande Jacobson, A Good Review)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Stephen Haggard, Peterson Institute)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Leonard Pierce, The Comics Journal)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (CBC)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Common Sense Ethics)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Urooj Naveed, Fullerton Observer)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Brian, The Civic Educator)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Jason, We Need to Talk About Books)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Jeet Heer, New Republic)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (12min)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Leonard Schneider, For Better Science)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Brian Fawcett, Dooney’s Cafe))
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Lonnie Groot, Florida Bar Journal)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Laura Durnell, Bluestocking Bombshells)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (gavin Ferriby, Sacred Heart Library)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Forest Preston III, Western Friend)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Mark R. Kelly, Views from Crestmont Drive)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Chris Gregory Books)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Necessary Facts)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Mike Pennisi)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Sina Abolghasem Rasouli, Global Affairs)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Sekar Writes)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (P.W. Petschauer, Clio’s Psyche)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (Lance Eaton, By Any Other Nerd)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny (The Human Journey)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny ()
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny ()
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny ()
    -AUDIO REVIEW: of On Tyranny: illustrated Edition (Regarp Book Blog)
    -REVIEW: of On Tyranny : Illustrated (David Starkey, California Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Tyranny: a graphic novel by Timothy Snyder (Françoise Mouly, The New Yorker)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America by Timothy Snyder (Kirkus)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (The Bibliophage)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Lyndsey Stonebridge, New Statesman)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Margaret MacMillan, NY Times Book Review)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Matthgew Kolasa, Fair Observer)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Sumantra Maitra, University Bookman)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Sophie Pinkham, The Nation)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Richard J Evans, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Tim Adams, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (John Reader, William Temple Foundation)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Jack Goldstone, Population and Development Review)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Jim Cloos, TEPSA)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Patryk Babiracki, Inference)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Pawe? Machcewicz, Inference)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Richard Sakwa, E-International Relaions)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Regarp Book Blog)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (R. E. Johnson,International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis )
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (John Ikenberry, Foreign Affairs)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Benjamin Lockerd, Imaginative Conservative)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Sam North, hackwriters)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Nosferatu Reads)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Wayne Stelk,Unpuzzling Life's Complexities )
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Julia Korsunska, Medium)
    -PODCAST REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom (Two Guys, One Book)
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom ()
    -REVIEW: of The Road to Unfreedom ()
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder (Anne Applebaum, NY Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Richard J. Evans, LRB)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Neal Ascherson, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Omer Bartov, Slavic Review)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Kirkus)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Menachem Kaiser, LA Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (F. Joseph Dresen, Wilson Center)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Jürgen Zarusky, German Yearbook of Contemporary History)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Amir Weiner, Cahiers d’histoire russe, est-européenne, caucasienne et centrasiatique)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Rev. Dr. Wylie W. Johnson, US Army War College)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Christopher Glazek, NY Observer)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (JÖRG BABEROWSKI, Contemporary European History)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Mark Mazower, Contemporary European History)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Daniel Lazarem Jacobin)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Wall Street Journal)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (The Economist)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (David Herman, New Statesman)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Journal of Genocide Research)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Joshua Rubenstein, NY Times Book Review))
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Sanjay Basu, PhD, Sanjay’s Book Review)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (DAN DINER, Contemporary European History)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Rob Shields, Space and Culture)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Albert Clarkson’s Reviews)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (New Republic)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (T. Hunt Tooley, Central European History)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Stephen Jones)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Dónal O'Sullivan, The Historian)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands (Clara Weiss, World Socialist Web Site)
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands ()
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands ()
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands ()
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands ()
    -REVIEW: of Bloodlands ()
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth by Timothy Snyder (Richard J Evans, The G
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Walter Lacquer, Mosaic) uardian)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (kirkus)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Edward Delman, The Atlantic)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Richard J Evans, The Guardian)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Helen Andrews, First Things)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Michael R. Marrus, NY Times Book Review)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Journal of Modern History)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Christopher R. Browning, NY Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Jean Solchany, Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Too Much Berard)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Jackson Janes, American German Institute)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Mark Roseman, American Historical Review)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (William Solecki, AAG Review of Books)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Michael Berenbaum, Jeffrey Herf, Journal of Cold War Studies)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Enzo Traverso, Jacobin)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (Philip K. Jason, Jewish Book Council
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (WSJ)
    -REVIEW: of Black Earth (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom by Timothy Snyder (Geoffrey Wheatcroft, NY Times Book Review)
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (Kirkus)
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (Jon D. Schaff, Current)
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
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    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of On Freedom (
    -REVIEW: of THE RED PRINCE: THE SECRET LIVES OF A HABSBURG ARCHDUKE by Timothy Snyder (Kirkus)
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-REVIEW: of THINKING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Tony Judt with Timothy Snyder (Kirkus)
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-REVIEW: of OUR MALADY: LESSONS IN LIBERTY FROM A HOSPITAL DIARY by Timothy Snyder (Kirkus)
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